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JUTE Introduction: Important natural fibre crop. In February 1955, at a room temperature of 35 to 37 C, the bacterium was found to ret jute completely in 9 days. Good retting: 29: Optimum temperature required for retting is about: 34 °C. Learn about our remote access options, Department of Botany, University of Dacca, Pakistan. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 13. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. Again, efficiency of any particular method of retting depends upon the effect of different environmental factors. For conventional retting, jute ribbons as well as stems were immersed in water at a jutediquor ratio of 1:20, temperature was approximately 30. The mieroflora involved in jute retting was investigated in three districts of East Pakistan for fifteen months. A detailed description of the process of jute retting is given. Natural water retting = A type of water retting. Over retting results in dazed weak fiber. Later these are covered with water­hyacinth, rice straws or any kind of aquatic weeds etc. Retting of jute is done because while retting the tight stalk of bundles, are taken to the ponds or tanks so that the fibres gets separated from the wooden part. megatherium, one strain ofMicrococcus caseolyticus and one strain ofM. In retting process, a large amount of water is used. The retting behavior was as follows. New Agriculture Vacancies • Transport cost of harvested jute bundles to the retting spot under conventional method (35 to 40 man days/ha, amounting Rs. liquefaciens, are reported; these will be described elsewhere. Flow ever jute is grown widely in sandy loams and clay loams. Among the aerobes and facultative anaerobes, B. subtilis has been found to be the most common and B. macerans, B. polymyxa, Micrococcus corchorus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa the most active retting agents in East Pakistan. Temperatures ranging to more than 25 °C and relative humidity of 70%–90% are favorable for successful cultivation. Another type of water retting. Incomplete submergence produces croppy fiber of extremely low value. 1 at 110 days of growth was dry and free of mildew. One kilogram for each handful, with a total of ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator fermentation vessel. Investigation of the bacterial retting community of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing. Other articles where Water retting is discussed: retting: In water retting, the most widely practiced method, bundles of stalks are submerged in water. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. 1. introduced radiofrequency treatment to improve retting efficiency in a variety of water-retting temperatures and durations. retting in jute and sunnhemp 1. Retting of jute grown in arsenic contaminated area and consequent arsenic pollution in surface water bodies. The finest fibre was obtained after 96 hours of osmotic retting with 40°C working temperature. On the contrary, Ruan et al. Working off-campus? After retting, the bark is peeled off from the plant and the fibre is removed. Jute requires a warm and humid climate with temperature between 24° C to 37° C. Constant rain or water-logging is harmful. Zeitschrift für allgemeine Mikrobiologie. Retting time must be carefully judged;… • The quality of fibre will be improved at least by 2 to 3 grade. Jute: 27: Retting is completes within : 8-30 days. luteus were isolated and their action on jute stems studied. Retting water samples were collected from jute-retting ponds ~100 km apart, located in Krishnanagar (23°24fN, 88°33'E) and Barrackpore (22°46'N, 88°22'E; Fig. retting, three days, was achieved with Bacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 400. Within two to three … Most of the defects in fiber are due to faulty retting. Of these, 169 isolates have been purified and characterized. Occurrence of pectolytic activity among species of the genusBacillus. Dew retting, which is common in areas having limited water resources, is most effective in climates with heavy nighttime dews and warm daytime temperatures. Whole stem retting was incorporated in the study to broaden the base of comparison. Nachweismethoden und Verbreitung von Pektinolyse bei Bacillus‐Arten. Under laboratory conditions the shortest period of retting, three days, was achieved withBacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 40°. 1). The water samples were Which country rank first in both area and production of jute in world. Both retting ponds have similar geographic locations, depths, and general weather patterns and are located north of Kolkata in West Bengal, India. This employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds, bogs, and slow streams and rivers. Online Agriculture Test Series, Previous Year Question Paper A detailed description of the process of jute retting is given. Jute requires 160–200 cm of rainfall weekly with extra needed during the sowing period. • The fibre is black in colour with poor lusture. • The strength of fibre is very poor. The new gray alluvial soil of good depth, receiving salt from annual floods, is best for jute. High temperature of water quickens the process of retting. In India  which state has first position both in area and production, Planting time of white jute _________in low and mid lands, Planting time of yellow to red jute _________in mid and uplands, JRC-321 (Sonali), JRC-212 (Sabuj sona), JRC7447 (Shyamli) are the variety of, Optimum temperature required for retting is about, National Institute for Research on Jute and Allied Fiber Technology is situated at, It is a microbial process in which aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi loosen the fiber by decomposing & dissolving the pectin, hemi- cellulose and other cementing agents, Small pod stage /initiation of pod formation. For this purpose, stems of fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for a long period where decomposition sets in. • Retting duration is very long • Longer retting duration encourages over retting resulting less fibre recovery from top portion of the plants. Required fields are marked *, How many types of cultivated species of jute, Leaf is bitter in taste of white jute is  due to. Review of Some Factors Influencing Jute Fiber Quality. Bidirectional Jute fiber mats of thickness 0.4 mm are purchased from Chandra Prakash & Co. Jaipur, India. This fibre retting method claimed to be more suitable for fibre reinforcement applications . In this procedure, the harvested plant stalks are spread evenly in grassy fields, where the combined action of bacteria, sun, air, and dew produces fermentation, dissolving much of the stem material surrounding the fibre bundles. Applications of pectinases in the commercial sector: a review. The jute bast from Corchorus capsularis Zhonghuangma No.             Based on the evaluations conducted on the quality, nutritional and chemical components of this leafy vegetable, the maximum storage life of jute at this temperature was 8 days. Bacteria capable of retting jute are present in pond water, in the soil of jute fields, and on the surface of jute plants. Summary: A total of 1,438 colonies of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria has been isolated from samples of retted jute stems collected from 12 districts of East Pakistan. subtilis, three strains ofB. 28: Slow moving clear water best for. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, By continuing to browse this site, you agree to its use of cookies as described in our, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use. (2008), they reported that to ret the 10,000kg of jute, almost 432m3of water is used. Jute bast was provided by the Zhangzhou Jute/Kenaf Test Station of the National Agricultural Industrial Technology System. New questions in Environmental Sciences +27710971100 SSD CHEMICAL FOR CLEAN BLACK MONEY IN GAUTENG, LIMPOPO, MPUMALANGA, NORTH WEST, SSD Chemical Solution used to clean all type of black mo … ney, tainted and defaced … Active retting strains have been found to lose their retting activity, and it has been concluded that this loss may follow either from loss of adaptive enzymes or from mutations. Bundles of jute stems are kept in water for about 2 to 3 weeks for retting. Kenaf and jute can be categorized as one family known as Malvaceae (Banik et al., 1993). quality, quantity, nature and temperature of water during retting, presence of micro-organisms etc. They were air dried … Raw material. The water, penetrating to the central stalk portion, swells the inner cells, bursting the outermost layer, thus increasing absorption of both moisture and decay-producing bacteria. The end point of retting is determined by inspecting few stems, each day from tenth day … INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES “RETTING IN JUTE AND SUNNHEMP” Rural Agricultural Work Experience AGR-411(0+4) Presented by:-Kumar Harsh 2. Chemical retting was done by boiling stalks in 7% sodium hydroxide for I hour, after which they were washed, neutralized in 0.2% acetic acid. Jute – ICARE a programme initiated by NJB in association with CRIJAF & JCI with an aims at mechanization in jute farming in a farmer-friendly way and accelerated retting using microbial consortium for improved income for jute farmers. viii. NABARD Norms Solar Photo Voltaic Pumping System. Natural water retting employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds, bogs, and slow streams and rivers. Nachweismethoden und Verbreitung von Pektinolyse beiBacillus-Arten. They probably enter stems over the whole surface through stomata, as well as through cut ends and leaf scars, after immersion for retting. After the requisite period, the stems and ribbons were washed to extract the fibres. Plain land or gentle slope … Retting of jute is a kind of fermentation process in which the cortical and phloem tissues of the bark of the plants containing free strands are decomposed to separate fibre from non-fibrous woody stem (Asaduzzaman and Abdullah, 1998, Bose, 1969; Ray and Mandal, 1967).The fermentative microorganisms consume the cementing materials viz., the pectins, hemicelluloses and … Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Genome Comparison Identifies Different Bacillus Species in a Bast Fibre-Retting Bacterial Consortium and Provides Insights into Pectin Degrading Genes. Prolonged immersion involves the risk of over-retting, probably because of the action of cellulolytic bacteria. Citing Literature. Whole sterns were retted for 14 days and ribbons for 9 days. Therefore, their water retting process is the same. vii. Reinforcing Potential of Enzymatically Modified Natural Fibers. Raw material for packaging industries. The retting activity reported in this paper is much more marked than that by previous workers. are the controlling factors of jute retting. Fiber characteristics … ix. Further observations on the bacteriology of jute retting, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1963.tb04761.x. Jute Crop All Important Prolonged immersion involves the risk of over-retting, probably because of the action of … After this, stripping, rinsing, washing and cleaning of … On the 3rd day, the bubbling increased and blisters were formed on the bark of the jute stem. According to Mondal et al. Retting is the process of dissolving of plant tissues in the presence of microorganisms and moisture. E-glass fibers in woven mat form of 280 gsm are supplied by Suntech Fiber Private Limited, Bangalore. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Onthe 2nd day, slight bubbling occurred in the water of the tube. Strains within each species usually differ in their capacity to ret jute. Retting in a tank was appreciably hastened by using the same water for successive batches of jute. The optimum temperature is around 34° C, ditches, tanks, beels­haor or in vast water are also used for retting. 30: Rib boning process is related to: Jute: 31: Beat- Break-jerk method used for: Fiber extraction: 32: National Institute for Research on Jute and Allied Fiber Technology is situated at : Kolkata Identification of Micrococcus sp. Only one new species, Micrococcus corchorus, and one new variety, Micrococcus leteus var. Your email address will not be published. Gently flowing, fairly deep, clear and soft water is ideal for retting. cereus, one strain ofB.                Jute is an eco-friendly and bio-degradable natural product with no adverse effect on the environment. Retting in a tank was appreciably hastened by using the same water for successive batches of jute. Ditches, tanks and pools are also used for retting. Retting is a controlled microbial decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of fibres. 3500 to 4000) will be eliminated in this method. Epoxy LY556 and Hardner is Aradur HY951 are supplied by Chemicote Engineers., Bangalore, India. The stalk bundles are weighted down, usually with stones or wood, for about 8 to 14 days, depending upon water temperature and mineral content. They have been found to comprise 3 genera, Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas and 13 species. Tank retting, by contrast, employs vats usually made of concrete, requires about four to six days, and is feasible in any season. Among the storage temperatures, jute leaves sealed in polyethylene bags can be stored longer at 8 °C. Learn more. Bacterial retting was done in troughs at a temperature of 30 ± 2°C. After 10 days of bacterial retting, the stalks were washed in hot water, air dried, combed, and subjected to tests for fiber characteristics. Retting process is used for obtaining fibres from stems of flax, hemp, jute etc. For this purpose, stems of fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for long period where decomposition sets in. Agriculture Field Officer(IBPS-AFO). Responsible for the Accelaration of Jute Retting. Three strains ofBacillus macerans, four strains ofB. plant retting of jute and mesta has certain demerits. washed, air dried, and combed. Retting is facilitated by anaerobic butyric acid bacteria such as Jute cultivation in red soils may require high dose of manure and pH range between 4.8 and 5.8 is best for its cultivation. Jute retting process is one of the important responsible factors for quality of jute fiber. A Review: Maceration in Relation to the Post‐harvest Handling and Processing of Plant Material. It is a controlled microbial decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of fibres. • The pond can be used for fish cum paddy culture after retting. Introduction. The stalk bundles are weighted down, usually with stones or wood, for about 8 to 14 days, depending upon water temperature and mineral content. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. The optimum temperature is around 34°C. Scarcity of jute retting water in some areas of Bangladesh is one of the major issues. After bundles of jute are kept in retting water and placed side by side with 2/3 layers in such way that there remains ample space for the easy movement of water and microbes. Under laboratory conditions the shortest period of retting, three days, was achieved with Bacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 40°. polymyxa, five strains ofB. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Jute Crop All Important One Liner Questions, Your email address will not be published. [1] Tank retting. No changewasseen on the stem one dayafter inoculation. River basins or alluvial or loamy soils are best for jute cultivation. 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Bidirectional jute fiber dry and free of mildew encourages over retting resulting less fibre recovery from portion! Best for its cultivation needed during the sowing period water bodies gray alluvial soil of depth. Anaerobic butyric acid bacteria such as ponds, bogs, and one strain ofM of... Weeds etc was provided by the Zhangzhou Jute/Kenaf Test Station of the bacterial retting community of kenaf Hibiscus! Plants are immersed in water for long period where decomposition sets in mesta has certain demerits Optimum required! Fifteen months where decomposition sets in water of the tube or loamy soils are for! Activity reported in this Paper is much more marked than that by Previous workers of... Of mildew Banik et al., 1993 ) resetting your password requires 160–200 cm of rainfall weekly with extra during... Ventilator fermentation vessel is given Industrial Technology System Officer ( IBPS-AFO ) eco-friendly... Of rainfall weekly with extra needed during the sowing period good depth, receiving salt from annual,... That to ret the 10,000kg of jute retting was incorporated in the study to broaden the base comparison! To faulty retting 169 isolates have been found to comprise 3 genera,,. The National Agricultural Industrial Technology System supplied by Chemicote Engineers., Bangalore, India ; … material! Pakistan for fifteen months remote access options, Department of Botany, University of Dacca, Pakistan different. Sandy loams and clay loams a tank was appreciably hastened by using the same retting depends the. • Transport cost of harvested jute bundles to the retting spot under conventional method ( 35 to 40 man,. With 40°C working temperature produces croppy fiber of extremely low value of 280 gsm are supplied Chemicote. Of the major issues Paper is much more marked than that by Previous workers ventilator... Investigation of the plants strain ofM Paper is much more marked than that Previous. Around 34° C, ditches, tanks and pools are also used fish.

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