importance of validity and reliability in nursing research

validity Experts were nurses with masters degrees or PhDs who were clinical providers or clinical researchers with experience with instrument development. Reliability must be accompanied with validity regarding an instrument worthy of use in conducting doctoral research. ... these concepts are of crucial importance. Researchers may be concerned about whether the scores that were obtained for a sample of subjects were consistent, true measures of the behaviors and thus an accurate reflection of the differences between individuals. The expert panel were provided conceptual definitions, the measurement model, a description of the population and setting in which the instrument would be used. Validity is concerned with systematic error, whereas reliability is concerned with random error. Internal consistency reliability is more complicated, because in this measure of reliability we are establishing how well each item in a scale measures the same construct. Compare and contrast content, criterion-related, and construct validity. Podcast: Play in new window | Download Subscribe: RSS This podcast discusses the data quality concepts of reliability and validity of research tools/instruments. “A panel of 13 experts evaluated content validity for the Perceived Self-Efficacy for Fatigue Self-Management. A study by Cameron and colleagues (2008) reports a factor analysis of the BIBS. As such, the assessment of reliability and validity is an extremely important critical appraisal skill for assessing the strength and quality of evidence provided by the design and findings of a study and its applicability to practice. Thus, reliability of diagnosis is not merely an academic issue, even though our concern here with methodological issues may pertain more directly to problems of research in psychopathology. how far it will give the same results on separate occasions, and it can be assessed in different ways; stability, internal consistency and equivalence. Cameron, J. I., Cheung, A. M., Streiner, D. L., Coyte, P. C., Singh, M. D., & Stewart, D. E. (2008). The hypothesis-testing, factor analytical, convergent and divergent, and contrasted-groups approaches are discussed below. Reliability (or consistency) refers to the stability of a measurement scale, i.e. Citation and reference must adhere to APA format (6th Ed.). For example, researchers typically request that the judges indicate their agreement with the scope of the items and the extent to which the items reflect the concept under consideration. The validity of an assessment tool is the extent to which it measures what it was designed to measure, without contamination from other characteristics. The authors provide an overview of the basic principles of reliability and validity in relation to quantitative and qualitative nursing research. Reliability A measurement instrument that is reliable is one that is stable or consistent across time (Kerlinger, 1986). Relevant examples are used to illustrate the importance of reliability and validity to neuroscience nurses. When the focus of a study is tool development, psychometric evaluation—including extensive reliability and validity data—is carefully documented and appears throughout the article rather than briefly in the “Instruments” or “Measures” section, as in articles reporting on the results of individual studies. Criterion-related validity indicates to what degree the subject’s performance on the instrument and the subject’s actual behavior are related. It is critical to understand rigor in research. The information regarding the instruments’ reliability and validity is found in the instrument or measures section of a study, which can be separately titled or appear as a subsection of the methods section of a research report, unless the study is a psychometric or instrument development study (see Chapter 10). The concept of error is important when appraising instruments in a study. Excerpt from Essay : Topic 1 Reliability and validity are often misunderstood and not given much notice in research articles. The question of validity is raised in the context of the three points: the form of the test, the purpose of the test and the population for whom it is intended. • Compare and contrast the estimates of reliability. Evaluating the quality of research is essential if findings are to be utilised in practice and incorporated into care delivery. Content validity represents the universe of content, or the domain of a given variable/construct. For example, perceptions or behaviors that occur at a specific point in time (e.g., anxiety) are known as a state or transient characteristic and are often beyond the awareness and control of the examiner. Researchers often face the challenge of developing new instruments and, as part of that process, establishing the reliability and validity of those instruments. A few simple examples help explain the meaning of reliability and validity. When an investigator is developing an instrument and issues of content validity arise, the concern is whether the measurement instrument and the items it contains are representative of the content domain that the researcher intends to measure. As such, the assessment of reliability and validity is an extremely important critical appraisal skill for assessing the strength and quality of evidence provided by the design and findings of a study and its applicability to practice. In statistical terms, ‘‘reliability’’ is the ability of an instrument to … Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient normally ranges between 0 and 1.0. Validity. “In principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation, the scree plot suggested a one- or two-factor structure. In research, however, their use is more complex. The statistical comparison measure used for test-retest reliability is the Pearson's r correlation coefficient; it can range from +1.00 to -1.00. When an investigator is developing an instrument and issues of content validity arise, the concern is whether the measurement instrument and the items it contains are representative of the content domain that the researcher intends to measure. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Learning outcomes Examples of concurrent and predictive validity as they appear in research articles are illustrated in Box 15-2. A valid instrument that is supposed to measure anxiety does so; it does not measure some other concept, such as stress. Reliability in quantitative research stems from statistical results that have consistency (Roberts & Priest, 2006). The following text from various articles describes how content validity and content validity index can be determined in an article: “A panel of 13 experts evaluated content validity for the Perceived Self-Efficacy for Fatigue Self-Management. Roberta Heale,1Alison Twycross2. The Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS), a 46-item scale that assesses the impact of the illness on seven domains of adjustment, was used as a measure of social adjustment in a population of breast cancer patients. Each of these properties will be discussed later in the chapter. Error in measurement can occur in multiple ways. Researchers often face the challenge of developing new instruments and, as part of that process, establishing the reliability and validity of those instruments. A Pearson's r correlation coefficient of +1.00 indicates a perfect positive relationship, 0.00 indicates no relationship, and -1.00 indicates a perfect negative relationship (Munro, 2005). When reading research or scanning articles, it is important to determine if the findings are sound. The panel identified items that were not stated clearly and commented on the items’ representativeness and the instrument’s comprehensiveness. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (.96) and Barlett’s tests (x2 [105, n = 431] = 5306.7, p < .001) indicated a high degree of common variance for items of the HCR Trust Scale” (Bova et al., 2012, p. 402). error variance interrater reliability (2005). There are three types of validity that vary according to the kind of information provided and the purpose of the instrument (i.e., content, criterion-related, and construct validity). • Identify the criteria for critiquing the reliability and validity of measurement tools. Cronbach’s alpha reliability EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE TIP COVID-19 transmission: Is this virus airborne, or not? To understand reliability and validity, you need to understand potential errors related to instruments. Testing confirms or fails to confirm the relationships that are predicted between and/or among concepts and, as such, provides more or less support for the construct validity of the instruments measuring those concepts. Validity and reliability of the Nursing Minimum Data Set for the Netherlands (NMDSN) Validity and reliability of the Nursing Minimum Data Set for the Netherlands (NMDSN) Goossen, William; Dassen, Theo; Dijkstra, Ate; Hasman, Arie; Tiesinga, Lucas; Van Den Heuvel, Wim 2003-03-01 00:00:00 Introduction There is a growing need to justify the contribution of nursing to health care (1–7 ). Relevant examples are used to illustrate the importance of reliability and validity to neuroscience nurses. on the basis of the findings concerning whether the rationale underlying the instrument’s construction is adequate to explain the findings and thereby provide support for evidence of construct validity. A rating of .90 is considered to be an acceptable standard for an S-CVI” (Anderson, et al., 2011, p. 7). Establishing validity and reliability in qualitative research can be less precise, though participant/member checks, peer evaluation (another researcher checks the researcher’s inferences based on the instrument (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005), and multiple methods (keyword: triangulation), are convincingly used. • Discuss how evidence related to reliability and validity contributes to the strength and quality of evidence provided by the findings of a research study and applicability to practice. reliability coefficient how far it will give the same results on separate occasions, and it can be assessed in … Content validity • Compare and contrast content, criterion-related, and construct validity. Regardless of whether a new or already developed instrument is used in a study, evidence of reliability and validity is of crucial importance. Discuss the concepts of stability, equivalence, and homogeneity as they relate to reliability. The correlation coefficients of .75, .88, .82, and .81, respectively, were reported for each of the four subscales, indicating strong positive relationships between the two administrations of the scale (Cameron et al.). Systematic error occurs also when an instrument is improperly calibrated. construct validity The investigator does this by developing hypotheses regarding the behavior of individuals with varying scores on the measurement instrument, collecting data to test the hypotheses, and making inferences on the basis of the findings concerning whether the rationale underlying the instrument’s construction is adequate to explain the findings and thereby provide support for evidence of construct validity. Criterion-related validity indicates to what degree the subject’s performance on the instrument and the subject’s actual behavior are related. This calculation gives a researcher more confidence or evidence that the instrument truly reflects the concept or construct. Discuss how evidence related to reliability and validity contributes to the strength and quality of evidence provided by the findings of a research study and applicability to practice. The best research projects actually use a combination of the two methods of data gathering. The appropriateness of instruments and the extent to which reliability and validity are demonstrated have a profound influence on the strength of the findings and the extent to which bias is present. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (.96) and Barlett’s tests (x2 [105, n = 431] = 5306.7, p < .001) indicated a high degree of common variance for items of the HCR Trust Scale” (Bova et al., 2012, p. 402). Concurrent validity of the PTSD Checklist (PCL) has been supported by the statistically significant correlations between PCL scores and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (Melvin et al., 2012; Appendix D). For Joe in the ice cream shop, it may not make much difference that he was receiving an ice cream soda and not a milkshake, but for neuroscience nurses measuring physical concepts such as weight or temperature or behavioral concepts such as brain impairment or disability, the instrument measuring the concept clearly needs to be both reliable and valid. From either perspective, the instruments that are used in a study must be evaluated. Reliability is the ability of an instrument to measure the attributes of a variable or construct consistently. homogeneity Reliability and validity should be taken into consideration by qualitative inquirers while designing a study, analyzing results, and judging the quality of the study, 30 but for too long, the criteria used for evaluating rigor are applied after a research is completed—a considerably wrong tactic. All research is conducted via the use of scientific tests and measures, which yield certain observations and data. Feb 15, 2017 | Posted by admin in NURSING | Comments Off on Reliability and validity. Cameron and colleagues (2008) used test-retest reliability to develop the Brain Impairment Behavior Scale (BIBS). VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH H.I.L. [Context Link], Fraser, C., & McGurl, J. Factor structure and reliability of the brain impairment behavior scale. stability Establishing validity and reliability in qualitative research can be less precise, though participant/member checks, peer evaluation (another researcher checks the researcher’s inferences based on the instrument (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005), and multiple methods (keyword: triangulation), are convincingly used. In the scientific literature there has been discussion of accepting a CVI of .78 to 1.0 depending on the number of experts (DeVon et al., 2007; Lynn, 1986). Unless measurement instruments validly (accurately) and reliably (consistently) reflect the concepts of the theory being tested, conclusions drawn from a study will be invalid or biased and will not advance the development of evidence-based practice. For instance, level of education, socioeconomic status, social desirability, response set, or other characteristics may influence the validity of the instrument by altering measurement of the “true” responses in a systematic way. Construct validity is based on the extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct, attribute, or trait. Evaluation and standards of research quality are important in both qualitative and quantitative research. The extent of variability in test scores that is attributable to error rather than a true measure of the behaviors is the error variance. • Compare and contrast content, criterion-related, and construct validity. Although the reliability of clinical diagnosis is important, there is also the matter of the validity of the diagnoses secured. However, understanding reliability in behavioral measures normally used by neuroscience nurses is a little more confusing. Related A high correlation coefficient indicates agreement between the two measures and evidence of concurrent validity. Cameron and colleagues (2008) reported Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from .78 to .91 for the four domains of their 18-item BIBS. Techniques used to collect data in a study, evidence of concurrent validity )... Instruments to validate the theory or concept underlying the measurement instruments to validate theory. Us say that a researcher more confidence or evidence that the instrument measures the construct says. Unless the assessment has some validity for the purpose method used to assess the of. Kluwer health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries its domain are developed statistical that... 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